Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana

continue of Janani Suraksha YojanaIMPACT OF JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA ON INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY AND INFANT MORTALITY outrank IN KARANATAKAMamatha K.GAbstractThe Government of India launched the field countrified health military commission (NRHM) mainly to strengthen health serve in the countryfied areas. It seeks to leave behind effective health reverence to the rural population by improve access, enabling community ownership, strengthening frequent health systems, enhancing accountability and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2005). to a lower place the NRHM, there is a specific turning away, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objective of JSY scheme is reducing maternal death locate regularise (MMR) and baby deathrate Rate (IMR) by back up institutional deliveries, in particular in Below Poverty Line families. The paper intends to study the adjoin of Janani Suraksha Yojana on institutional e conomy and Infant Mortality govern. The results show that in the lead instruction execution of JSY the rate of institutional speech was less and IMR was laid-back. But later the implementation of JSY the itemise of institutional deliveries has ontogenyd and babe deathrate rate rate has turn offd profoundly. Finally, it can be resolved that NRHM launched by Government of India holds great(p) hopes and promises to serve the deprived undeserved communities of rural areas. If Government improves the consciousness on Janani Suraksha Yojana then there is no doubt that Karnataka can increase its institutional delivery and reduce infant deathrate rate.Keywords institutional talking to, Infant Mortality Rate, Janani Suraksha Yojana and Karnataka.IntroductionEvery pregnant woman hopes for a healthy cross and an uncomplicated pregnancy. However, every day about 1500 women and juvenile girls die from worry related to pregnancy and childbirth. Every year, some 10 million women and adolescent girls experience complications during pregnancy, many of which leave them their children with infections and several disabilities (G.R Jayashree).Pregnant women die in India due to a combination of important factors standardised, poverty, ineffective or unaffordable health go, lack of political, managerial and administrative will. All this culminates in a high proportion of home deliveries by unskilled relatives and delays in seeking care and this in turn adds to the paternal mortality ratios. The institutional delivery plays major(ip) role in reducing MMR and IMR. In India, while 77 percent of pregnant women receive some form of antenatal check-up, only 41 percent deliver in an institution. even off though all services are free only 13 percent of the lowest income quintile delivers in a hospital.As per sample registration system 2005, IMR in India was 58 and institutional delivery was 38.7 whereas in Karnataka IMR was 50 per 1000 live births and institutional de livery was 60 (SRS 2001-2003 and NRHM Implementation Plan 2011-12).In developing countries interchangeable India, the health care services are not equally distri onlyed. The organizational structure requires a concern particularly with the maternal health. The Government of India has been implementing conglomerate broadcasts from time to time to tackle these issues. It launched the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) course in 1997, which aimed at universalising immunization, ante-natal care and skilled attendance during delivery. Reduction of maternal mortality was an important goal of RCH-II that was launched in 2005. One of the main interventions was to hand over emergency obstetric care at the first referral unit. Incentives were also disposed to staff to encourage round the clock obstetric services at health facilities (Ministry of Health Family Welfare 2008).Later in 2005, the Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) mainly to strengthen he alth services in the rural areas. It seeks to provide effective health care to the rural population by improving access, enabling community ownership, strengthening public health systems, enhancing accountability and promoting decentralization (Ministry of Health Family Welfare, 2005). Under the NRHM, there is a specific scheme the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which was introduced in April 2005. The main objectives of JSY scheme were reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by support institutional deliveries, particularly in Below Poverty Line families. Under this scheme cash incentives are given to women who opt for institutional deliveries and also to the local health functionary ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists) who motivates the family for institutional delivery and helps them in obtaining ante-natal and post-natal services. As of today, the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a largest conditional cash transfer programme in the world, with the number of beneficiaries increasing from a mere 7 lakh in 2005-06 to almost 92 lakh in 2009-10.Review of literary productionsA Rapid Appraisal on Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in siemens Orissa undertaken by Nandan (2008) reviewed the operational mechanism and usage status of JSY Scheme, reasons for non usage, perception and awareness of beneficiary and non beneficiary gos and the involvement of ASHAs, ANMs along with district and block officers in the implementation of JSY.The study on Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner District by Kumari(2009) revealed that some essential advantages perceived by the beneficiaries of JSY were uninjured delivery at PHCs and CHCs, helpful in population control, payment of Rs. 1400 to the mother (in rural areas) after delivery, full protection after delivery and so on Whereas, last but not least advantages expressed by the beneficiaries were examen of salt sample for protection fr om Gulgund, availability of water, bed and electricity etcetera at PHCs.The study on Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh by Khan et.al (2010) informs that Janani SurakshaYojana is a monetary incentives and non-incentivized services and counsellor by the ASHA realize increased Client-provider contact, the percentage of women receiving tierce ANC check-ups. This study in brief explores extent to which the JSY has succeeded in achieving its goal or promoting positive family health behaviors that baffle a significant bearing on maternal and neonatal mortality.Ambrish (2010) in his study Effect of Mortality Incentives on institutional Deliveries Evidence the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India observed that the scheme has been in operation only for 5 age and the sample covers only the first three of these years. Hence, the paper captures only the short-run impact of the scheme. The short-term result indicates the JSY is indeed ma king a struggle. Even though the JSY seems to have a positive impact on the institutional deliveries, its impact on maternal and neo-natal mortality is minimum.Mutharayappa (2010) revealed that institutional deliveries have increased, along with knowledge of family planning methods and utilization of government health services. These are encouraging sign. Promoting of institutional deliveries need to be sustained in order to reduce pre natal and neo- natal mortality rates.The study on Missed Opportunities of Janani Suraksha Yojana expediencys among the Beneficiaries in Slum Areas by Wadgave et.al (2011) mainly focused on main reasons of confounded opportunities of JSY benefits among the beneficiaries. Out of 3212 women 360 (11.20) were eligible for getting the benefits of Janani Suraksha Yojana. Among the 360 only 118 (32.78) women got the benefit of JSY while, 242 (62.22) missed the fortune of getting JSY benefits due to lack of JSY information, difficulty in getting the docume nts fulfil and not filling the form at proper time were three common reasons in not getting the benefit of JSY. The percentage of beneficiaries was to a greater extent in receiving ANC care delivery done in Government hospitals.Dilip et.al (2012) in their study Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of West Bengal in 2009 describe that inadequacy of fund and delayed payments of financial benefits lead to low reporting of JSY. institutional delivery has increased with decreasing in Infant Mortality Rate after implementation of JSY.Objectives of the StudyThe present study has the undermentioned objectivesTo Study the impact of JSY on institutional delivery rate in Karnataka.To Study the impact of JSY on infant mortality rate in Karnataka.Hypotheses of the StudyThe following hypotheses have been testedJanani Suraksha Yojana has significantly increased the number of institutional deliveries and reduced the infant mortality rate in Karnataka.thith er is significant relationship amongst Institutional deliveries and IMR rate in Karnataka. methodologyKeeping the objectives in the mind, the present study employs various statistical and econometrics tools like table, graph, Paired t test and correlation coefficient co-efficient. line of descents of entropyThe secondary data is collected from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Statistical Report, RCH Second Implementation Plan, NRHM operative Guideline, NRHM Annual Reports, Karnataka State Report on NRHM 2005, Karnataka Human breeding Reports 2005, SRS Bulletin, WHO Reports, basketball team Year Plan Documents, Word Bank Reports and Census Reports.Results and DiscussionTable.1 Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010NRHM Programme Implementation Plan for 2010-2011 Vidhana Soudhahttp//stg2.kar.nic.in/healthnew/nrhm/PDF/ spud 2010-11.pdf map.1 Institutional Delivery rate In Karnataka From 2001-2010From the table and chart Table.1 Chart 1, it is clear that Inst itutional Delivery Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2010. Before implementation of JSY, institutional delivery rate was 60 percent in 2005 but after implementation of JSY which increased 63 percent to 91.3 percent in 2006 to 2010.Table.2 Paired Sample T Test on Institutional Delivery Rate in KarnatakaOn the basis of synopsis conducted by use paired sample T test, there is a significant difference in the number of institutional deliveries. hike up, it pointed out that after implementation of JSY scheme a significant increase was observed in institutional delivery rate in Karnataka.Table.3 Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012Source SRS Bultain 2012 and Databook for DCH 10th March, 2014 IMR (*2011, 2012)Chart.2 Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001-2012From the table and chart Table.3 chart.2, it is clear that Infant Mortality Rate in Karnataka from 2001 to 2012. The infant mortality rate of Karnataka was 58 per 1000 live birth as per the censuses in 2001, out of w hich 69 percent were rural areas and 27 percent were urban areas. Keeping pace with the national average, Karnataka recorded a sharp gloaming in the infant mortality rate from 50 percent in 2005 to 32 percent in 2012. It means originally implementation of JSY infant mortality rate was high and after implementation of JSY infant mortality rate has declined significantly.Table .4 Paired Sample T Test on Infant Mortality Rate in KarnatakaOn the basis of analysis conducted by using paired sample T test, it indicates that the IMR rate was 52.80 before implementation of JSY and it has decreased to 43.80 percent after implementation of JSY. Overall, the decreased rate of IMR was 9.00. The t statistic is significant at 1% (df 5, t 10.06, sig.0.001) level. Hence the null-hypothesis of no difference is rejected and alternative hypothesis of significant difference is accepted.Table.5 Correlation between Institutional Delivers and IMRSignificant negative correlation has observed between Insti tutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. Where the correlation of -.971 was found to be significant at .001 level. In other words with an increase in the Institutional Delivery the IMR rates have been reduced.Findings of the StudyBefore implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana institutional delivery rate was less and IMR rate was high.After implementation of Janani Suraksha Yojana has helped to increase the rate of institutional delivery and reduce the rate of infant mortality significantly.Significant negative correlation has observed between Institutional Deliveries and Infant Mortality Rate. In other words with an increase in the Institutional Delivery and the IMR rates have been reduced.ConclusionThe result of the formative study clearly indicates that Janani Suraksha Yojana has increased the institutional deliveries in India and Karnataka. It found that institutional deliveries have increased and IMR has been reduced after implementation of JSY. Does, it can be conclude t hat if the implementation process is strengthened, quality improved and programme is effectively monitored, the institutional deliveries will increases in future their by helps in reducing the IMR rate. Further it will helps to full fill the commitment made towards IMR under Millen Development Goals.ReferencesAmbrish Dongre, (2010 Effect of Mortality Incentives on Institutional Deliveries Evidence the Janani Suraksha Yojana in India, SSRN Publication, 1-27, radical Delhi.Basic Indicators Health Situation in South East Asia. ground Health Organization, South East Asia region, Community journal 2004 56-2-3.Dilip K Mandal,Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj u Murhekar, (2012) Low Coverage of Janani Suraksha Yojana among Mothers in 24-Parganas (South) of West Bengal in 2009, Biomed Central the expand Access Publisher.Khan.M.E. Ashok kumar. Health Status of Women in India Evidence from National Health Survey.2010 August vol 61-21.Khan M.E, Avishek Hazra, and Isha bhatnagar, (2010) Impact of Jan ani Suraksha Yojana on Selected Family Health Behaviors in Rural Uttarpradesh, Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 56, New Delhi, 9-21.Kumari Vinod, Dhawan Deepali Singh, Archana Raj, (2009) Advantages as Perceived by the Beneficiaries of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Bikaner District, Journal of Dairying food and Home Scinces,Vol,28 issues 3and 4.Mutharayappa, R., 2010, Functioning of Janani Suraksha Yojana in Hassan District Karnataka. 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