Comparing Making History and Death of a Salesman Essay

The tragic hero is a existence of nobleman stature. He is not an ordinary man, merely a man with superior quality and greatness about him. His own destruction is for a greater cause or principle. Aristotle How far is this statement true concerning Willy Loman and Hugh ONeill? oppose and contrast how heroism is presented in Making History and Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman has no extensive amount of greatness as a vitrine and socially he is a middle-class citizen, he is a rattling proud man, this personality flaw tends to obstruct his view of reality. Within the Loman theatre Willy controls his family, in return they look up to him as the man of the house and a symbol of dependence as he is shown to be the bloom bread-winner and he constructs a cloudy image to his sons that he is a wellspring liked man in order to inspire them to pursue the American Dream.Hugh ONeill, on the other hand, is a much more than renowned man within society and his role is great (dissimilar to W illys), receivable to the f routine he has a vast amount of power as the Earle of Tyrone. He too has an image to present for his plans to ensue effectively. Willy Loman believes that the only spate who achieve ar the ones who make an appearance in the business world, the man who creates a personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Something Willy tell to Bernard, an inferior friend of carrier bags who is far less attr wagerive but more intelligent, ironically Bernard becomes more victorious in further scens of the text. In addition, this illustrates how Willys ideals are becoming outdated and obsolete, as the society he is living in requires work to be efficient and the way a person is perceived has no impact on working effectively.Willys incapability to excuse aesthetic qualities is one of many flaws he possesses as a character, collectible to the fact his thoughts have been narrowed by past ideals. Willy hasnt modifyd along with the format of the high demand-business w orld he inhabits this contributes towards his depression and dissatisfaction with his son Biff, who has so much personal attractiveness. Although this segment of the bunk is a memory and seemingly light-hearted, the message is a lot deeper and symbolises how shrouded Willys views are, Bernard acting as a symbol of this. Arthur Miller uses several characters to act as symbols or messages, for example it could be argued that Ben, Willys older, more winnerful brother is a metaphor for the American Dream as he achieved what neither Willy nor any other Loman have managed. Ben talks of diamonds which are esthetically attractive, and it could be argued that they are worth so much due to their appearance, this is very(prenominal) reflective of Willys own pride induced views of success.During Act 2, moving picture 2 when Hugh shuts the obligate in fury is symbolic as it represents change within Hugh, in earlier sections of the play Hugh questions Lombards intentions when writing said bo ok, and asks But youll tell the truth?, and now in the second act he is infuriated by the book as Mabel is not a part of his history and Hugh disregards his usual behaviour to follow instructions. His duty would be to remain true to Lombards plan, but his anger towards The History book demonstrates Hughs personal beliefs becoming a priority whereas beforehand his identity operator was dependant on his duty.The theme of history reoccurs throughout Friels play, the deed of conveyance alone reinforces the idea that Lombard wants to make a history for the Irish to remember, but Hugh wants reality. It could be argued that Hughs identity becomes less fragmented as the play ensues. The book Aristotle said that A man doesnt become a hero until he can see the root of his own capitulation. Similarly, Willy is aware of his flaws but fails to outwardly admit to doing so, instead he takes a defensive approach and orders his memories in a way to create a reality which does not exist, for examp le, during Act 2, Scene 5 Willy learns of Bernards success and naturally compares him to Biff, (as he always has) who is yet to achieve anywhere turn up as much as Bernard.When Bernard asks Willy about what happened to Biff, Willy answers If a boy lays dump is that my fault? The reason for Willys aggressive behaviour in this diorama is influenced by the fact he knows that he is the reason for Biffs loss of ambition. His flaw being brought to the surface, as Willy fails to admit that he is to load although the audience is shown via facial expressions and changes in vocal tone or animalism e.g. a nervous twitch, to show Willys anxiety towards Bernard.

Executions be replaced by life without parole Essay

In criminal law, sprightliness fourth dimension or feeling with surface pa consumption means putting to put aside individual for the rest of his/her disembodied spirit for the crimes committed whereas final stage sentence means writ of execution those criminals who atomic number 18 found guilty of committing some very secure crimes like murder, attempted coup or raping. Myself I am not an advocate of uppercase sentence further I support spirit sentence. Life without parole is also known as determinate purportspan sentence. It means be sentenced to life imprisonment without any possibility of being released in future.Ameri bottomland political science spends a lot of money by executing criminals than it spends in giving life sentence. For this reason and differents I c all in all executions in America should be replaced by life without parole. Execution in Texas is not something new. In 1980 in that location were two men who were alleged to engender killed a clerk somewhere, both of them pink-slipped shots at the clerk but it is not clear who exactly killed the clerk though both of them admitted to fetch fired at the clerk. To the corridors of simplyice it did not matter whether it was one of them or both who killed so long as they agreed to soak up fired and killed the clerk.One of these men was called Mr. Nicholas he was twenty years old when he was arrested but was coifd when he was forty five years old. In this fictional character, I dont hazard justice was done. This is a unattackable example of many cases where justice is not allowed to take its course. The enounce should have tried to establish who between the two killed the clerk. In a case like this one a person who is innocent can be killed and he is not given up a chance to designate his case. accordingly on this basis I condemn execution of prisoners kind of, they should be given life sentence.This is the only practical thing and reasonable method whereby the offend ers can be given clip to reassess themselves. Again they continue donjon though they ar not necessarily free. About half of the join criminals who are executed in America come from Texas. It has the highest number of executions in America. It contravenes one of the Ten Commandments that Moses was given by God In the aside, detonating device sentence was highly valued but of late it is not. In incident many states in USA have abolished it.In the past decades the leaning was that large(p) sentence deters crime, it was a religious conviction or what is called the lawfulness of Moses an eye for an eye or tooth for a tooth. It was also thought that the states were using up huge sums of money feeding, clothing and providing healthcare for murderers, rapists and other dangerous criminals. This seemed to be silly and outrageous but now the argument has changed. In particular the former supporters of capital sentence are now singing a different tune. Today, the argument is that USA is finding it very expensive to execute criminals than to jail them for life.Surely, this is something that any sensible person should see. All states should awake to the item that USA is wasting a lot of money in executing criminals instead of using this money on development projects that can benefit all. For example in North Carolina (Gold R. 2002 89) about two gazillion dollars are spent on effecting execution. When you compare capital sentence and life sentence, a person sentenced for life only needs to be fed, clothed, treated and guarded. hence it is cheaper to life imprison than to execute.The reasons why capital sentence should be abolished are that, the death course of instruction convicts spend a lot of money act to fight for their freedom. They must hire lawyers who charge them exorbitantly so that they could argue about their fate, the process of appealing has become much protracted. Like in the case mentioned above, the convict spent about 25 years in jail b efore his life was terminated. Justice delayed is justice denied. The state spent alot of money to keep him than it could have spent if he was immure for life. The reason why the execution process is long is that an innocent person may sometimes be executed.Therefore a lot of time is taken to dig in for finer details that could prove beyond reasonable doubts that the person alleged to have committed the crime in reality did it. According to the governor of Maryland his country spent 22. 4 one thousand thousand US dollars to execute death penalties. This money could have been employ to ante up at least 500 extra policemen a year or provide drugs for treating 10,000 drug addicts. He said when this money is used on other projects that are useful apart from executing law breakers, it becomes an investing that save lives and reduce violent crimes (www. Amnestyusa.Org/Abolish) Most of the methods used to carry out death penalties should be abolished for they contravene human rights. A person is subjected to a very nasty experience that even the executors could not like to surmise themselves in. For example in lethal injections, a person is subjected to excruciating pain. The envenom is injected to the criminal. It contains pancoronium bromide for killing his nerves and potassium chloride which is used to stop the soreness beat. Sometimes the dose injected might not be enough or not well mixed. In such a case the victim takes longer than it should to die.The prisoner dies in intense pain from asphyxiation. For example at that place was a case in Florida whereby the executor missed to inject the drug in a vein and put it in the muscle. The victim died after thirty-fourth minute. During this period the victim writhed, grimaced and groaned suggesting that he was in pain. another(prenominal) instance that shows that capital sentence violates human rights is of Saddam Hussein the former president of Iraq. He was executed on 30th December 2006 during his executi on, when the platform dropped, Saddams neck was broken and it could be heard at a infinite that indeed his neck was broken.His body was left suspended on the snare drum for a few minutes before it was confirmed by the impact that he was dead. The actual pictures were posted on the internet are horrific. The crimes he committed could not be compensated by his life plus the amount of money that was spent since his search begun rivulet and execution. According to (Baicker K. 2001 12-27) more than 100 billion US dollars were spent. All this money was spent just because of one person. His trial was complicated and protracted.The much that was spent on his trial was more than what could have been used to keep him alive for the rest of life or be used to take care of other prisoners. Another reason why I am an ardent supporter of life sentence over capital sentence is that the criminals who are executed are like any other citizens who contribute to the economic. They play vital role i n the economy. Some of them are even businessmen, doctors, teachers etc. The part they vie could not be played by another person. So when a person is executed, the nation at large goes at a loss.These spate could be taken to prison hospitals, schools and other businesses to offer their services there until they die and these people are not paid so, it is like killing two birds with one stone. States should also know that most of these criminals who are executed, some of them are highly educated and have different professions. The state has used a lot of its resources in educating them. Thus instead of taking all this money to waste, it should take advantage of their education by reaping some benefits from it instead of incurring a double loss. That is by trying and executing somebody whom the state has invested its resources on.Governments should reconsider their decision on capital sentence by trying to look this issue from an economist stand point. While lock away on this topic , I think USA should look and analyze capital sentence from an economic perspective. For example when a criminal who is the sole breadwinner is executed, his/her family lands in a sea of troubles. A family that was capable of providing itself with food starts depending on the government to provide to it everything that it needs. This becomes a burden to the government because it has to increase its budgetary allocation on the orphans funds and other unfortunate members of the society.Currently, US government spends les on poor families. I think it is because of many reasons abolition of capital sentence included. I think if it could be used as in the past decades, this cost would amazingly go up In California (Maganini S. 1988 750-902) death penalty spends 114 million US dollars which is more than what is spent on life sentence. In executions according to the 2005 Los Angeles times study, California tax payers part with more than 250 US million dollars to finance a single execution . This government spends 11. million dollars on appointed counsel for those convicts who are in the death row and 12 million US dollars are spent by the national government on defending death row convicts who are presented to national courts. In 2005 according to the governor of California (Los Angeles Times) he needed 230 million US dollars to construct a new death row. In Kansas it was estimated that in 2003, its government used 70% more than the cost of executing other non-death penalties. With all facts and figures put on the table, I do not think there is any person who can still argue for the persistence of death penalty. It is costly, unfair and inconsequential.

Report on Surajkund Essay

The Surajkund Crafts Mela is wreak each year by the tourism Department in Haryana in February. This is a very colorful and strange handi contrivances and handloom pretty(a) that is planned each year to popularize the traditional handicrafts in India made by the rural folks in Surajkund. This was first organise in the year 1981 and it continues to be a major platform for Indian artisans to showcase the skills in the art track down and crafts. This is a weeklong clear, which is observe annually. Scores of skilled artisans from all over India come here to participate and promote their crafts. somewhat of the process that is displayed here is age old and has been passed agglomerate since ages. Surajkund mela provides its visitors the skilful and exquisite textiles, paintings, ivory work, woodwind stock, terracotta, pottery, lac work, grass work and pit work. The visitors can also shop here extensively for some of the earthly concerns treasured wares. This fair is not just l imited to artworks and exhibitions plainly also showcases a visual delight to the visitors in the form of performances from the special Natyashala folk dances and music filled evenings at an open air star sign present in the venue.A diverse range of delicious savories, which is hustling by exp sensationnts, is also offered to the visitors. The cuisine is generally rural, which is kept so to pit the theme of the festival. Each year the Surajkund crafts festival has a theme, inspired by the artworks from a particular Indian assure and the entire ambience of the fair is designed accordingly. Many states showcase their finest handlooms, delicious rural cuisines and handicrafts in this fair. Some of the most deligtful crafts collections of the Mela arrive from practically all over the country.In wood and cane come inlay work, rose wood carving, sandal wood from Punjab and in the south India. Chiki wood craft of Kashmir and some very fine cane craft come from due west Bengal and N orth atomic number 99ern States. Delcate sholapith and shital patti work come from Assam and West Bengal. The phulkari of Punjab, the Banjara and Banni embroidery of Gujarat and Rajasthan, the Kantha traditions from West Bengal and Tripura, lace and crochet from Goa, the Suzni of Kashmir and Mirror encasing work along with the traditional chikan work of Lucknow delight.Oxidized jewellery, sea shell decorations and agate stone work delight as also do delicate gold work and chunky silver jewellery. Toys in wood and cane, ply and mud make the young thrill with joy. Some of the fine phad paintings of Rajasthan, the kalamkari of Andhra and Karnataka, temple paintings of Orissa, madhubani of Bihar, fascinate. In the surface section tribal dhora work, classical south Indian metal work, glisten brass ware, bell metal and iron craft delight collectors.In the field of woven textiles some of the finest silk work of Orissa, Patola, Bandhini of Gujarat and Rajasthan, Ikat, Kanjeevaram, Dharma varam and temple silks of South India get by for attention with the most simple cottons of West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and tribal textiles of North East India as also do the handloom of Haryana. The Various Crafts participated in the Mela every year. Themes for the fair in some of the fairs were Madhya Pradesh in 2009, Paschim Banga in 2008, Andhra Pradesh in 2001, Maharashtra in 2006 and the state of Chattisgarh in the year 2005.Surajkund is a major place located at a distance or 8 km of South Delhi in the city of Faridabad. This place is very easily accessible by track from Delhi. The Haryana Tourist Bureau arranges special tours from 36 Janpath Road in novel Delhi. The nearest airport is located in Delhi. The site where this fair is organized is at a distance of 25 km from Palam Airport. Thus, visiting this fair atleast once is highly recommended as the rich culture and true color and creativity of our country can be observed giving one of the most beautiful experiences .

Coffee †Starbucks Essay

Starbucks is a bonus drinking chocolate wholesaler which has strayed from its original service of java. The advent of newer technology has superfluous the Starbucks experience. Howard Schultz, Starbucks chairmen, sent a memo on February 14, 2007 addressing this problem to the president and forefront executive officer of Starbucks, Jim Donald. In the memo, Schultz voiced his opinion on how the quick expansion of Starbucks is causing him to revaluate the companys values between how it operated when it began and where it is fountainhead in the future.Starbucks isnt the same neighborhood store as it was when it was conventional and no coherenter shows the passion for java that they had in the beginning. I contract said for 20 years that our success is not an entitlement and now its proving to be a reality. Lets be smarter about how we be spending our time, money and resources. Lets get back to the marrow (Schultz). Along with its expansion, Starbucks has been trying to utiliz e new technologies to improve the product they snitch to consumers.Starbucks changed their espresso machines from manual to automatic to speed up service and efficiency. These machines blocked the optic sight line the guest previously had to watch the drink being made, and for the learned experience with the barista (Schultz). People no longer have that intimate connection with the people making their coffee, or to the finished product. The employees are too more disassociated from their work because of these new machines that speed up production.Starbucks also collective flavor-locked packaging to supply the posit for fresh roasted coffee. This is a corking service to the customer because it keeps coffee grounds or beans fresher longer, in so far the effectiveness of the flavor-locked bags contributed to the loss of aroma, perhaps the most powerful non-verbal signal, in Starbucks (Schultz). The romance of Starbucks is lost with these improvements and the unforgettable sce nt is lessened along with its heritage.Starbucks is lock away a coffee-loving company, and consumers are still receiving the coffee delicacies they want, but at what equal to tradition. https//sites. google. com/site/hollymadalyn/writing/Starbucks-Research-paper SYNOPSIS Starbucks Corporation, originally founded in 1971, but purchased by Howard Schultz in 1987, is the market leader in selling gourmet coffee (Starbucks, 2008). Starbucks main objective lens is to establish itself as the most esteem and recognized coffee brand in the world (Fact Sheet, 2008).Starbucks has accomplished this objective and experienced much success through their competitive strategy of forgather several stores within the same community and through their distinctive competencies of roast and selling the quality coffee while providing high quality customer service. The question is, can Starbucks continue their market share growth with rebellion competitors? Should they focus more on their external ope rations? Can they continually reinvent themselves to maintain their strong brand image in the long run? PROBLEMS. Overall economic downturn can affect Starbucks market share if management neglects to address competitors strategies with lower priced offerings as consumers are meet more conservative in spending their discretionary income. Loss of individualism and authenticity focused upon the foundational Starbucks experience, which, if unaddressed by management, can result in dissatisfied customers, loss of sales, and decreased market share. Considering the economy and increasing domestic help competition within the U. S. , Starbucks must address their less profitable international operations.SWOT ANALYSIS1 INDUSTRY EVALUATION In the past two decades, the coffee industry has experienced a significant increase in the demand for premium coffee. Today, about one in five Americans drinks some persona of espresso-based coffee drink each day. The average yearly coffee using up per capita in the U. S. is around 4. 4Kg. Among these coffee drinkers, the average consumption is 3. 1 cups of coffee per day, with men drinking approximately 1. 9 cups per day, and women drinking an average of 1. 4 cups per day (Coffee Research continues.

Gordon’s Health Assessment Essay

Running Head Assessment of a Family 1Using Gordons 11 Functional wellness Patterns in the Assessment of a Family Se La VieGrand c bothon University NRS-429V Family-Centered Health Promotion 28 August 2013Assessment of a Family 2Health promotion continues to be at the center of strongness care to twenty-four hours. by the manipulation of Gordons 11 lamal considerablyness patterns, a mental institution is formed in the gathering of information by the assessing of an individual and family in tar catch up with to identify demeanorstyle behaviors and patterns. Through the use of these breedingstyle behaviors and patterns, healthcare professionals are able to come up with various diagnoses and inter electrical outletions for potential and essential problems that whitethorn interfere with ones health and well macrocosm.This paper leave alone let outline three questions for severally pattern that was used to assess a specific family and help to interpret the findings through t he use of Gordons 11 blend inal health patterns. The family interviewed consists of a keep up and married woman whom both served in the United States Armed Forces, and their three children. A summary of the findings for each health pattern will be discussed. Also, a wellness and family diagnoses will be developed and presented.When asked questions in relation to the pattern of health perception and health management, the family verbalise that round(a)one who really cared about their health would take the inevitable steps in order to make sure that their body was well maintained. The family admitted that though they knew the steps in order to determine their current health status, it had been a span of years since anyone in the family had had a full physical. raise comments emphasized that their livingstyles and behavior was in line to the point of non do them any further damage which including no drinking of any fiber or stock-still smoking. The maintain stated that he used to dumbbell anddrink only when leave six years ago. The wife make mention of drinking but had excessively quit the habit. Assessment of a Family 3The husband is a stay-at-home dad and the mommy works. The children (ages 16 and six) attend different takes at different times of the day, while their ii year old stays at home. due to work and school schedules, breakfast and lunch are not eaten at the same time. This makes it unimaginable to ensure that everyone is getting the necessary types of foods from all the various food groups. Due to this inconsistency, everyone is forced to eat whatever it is that may be fast and favourable in relation to the time and space available because of various schedules. No one in the family is all overweight but the husband and wife evince that they would analogous to lose a duplicate of pounds. Various weight prejudice regimens attain been tried but to no avail due to certain ailments both suffered by the husband and wife.In the p attern of elimination, it was expressed that employ the bathroom was a normal function for everyone in the family except for the wife. She states that in that location nourish been times in which she was ineffectual to use the bathroom and legion(predicate)times requires the help of an over-the-counter medication. The only other time in which on that point have been problems is due to some hition that may affect the children make them supplys in their pattern of elimination. The family overly stated that their diet may sometimes cause them issues in this de piecement. The husband is lactose intolerant which the intake of any type of dairy product. He passive decides to neglect this issue and still consumes various dairy products. Due to this neglect, the husband has been forced to deal with an sickness (hemorrhoids) which has caused his many discomforts in the past.The pattern of bodily function and exercise revealed that the family did not have a hobby in which they consistently go intod in. Time and schedule determined what type of activity the Assessment of a Family 4 family was able to participate in. The husband stated that he loved to work out and besides had a membership at a gym. He works out at least four times a week and ensures that some type ofcardiovascular exercise is a part of his regime. The wife stated that she had a membership to a gym also but was unable to attend no more than three days a week. The wife presently suffers from a disease called fibromyalgia which causes pang to radiate throughout her body. This causes her a good deal discomfort and near of the time, rules out any attempt of physical activity that would cause an increase in heart rate.Due to both husband and wife serving in the Armed Forces, disobliges in their bodies have become part of their everyday life. They are both receiving treatment for their ailments but need several inflict medications in order to either function or have a normal day of life. Their annoyance causes them to terminus ad quem certain everyday activities and tailor what it is they can and cant do. Their ailments redact from issues with their backs, knees, and ankles, to that of migraine headaches. Recently, the wife of the house was diagnosed with arthritis in both her knees and also in her lower back. This has placed a limitation on various activities in which they are able to perform with their children. As of recent, the wife has had severe pain to the point of being unable to get out of bed and having to chit-chat the ER (emergency room) on various occasions. Their cognitive-perceptual pattern is one that is in changeless acknowledgment with nothing being able to rid of the issue being faced by both husband and wife.The pattern of peacefulness and stick around is one of an issue to both husband and wife. The husband was developed many times to combat zones and now suffers from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). He rarely gets enough sleep t hrough the night and is easily startled by various Assessment of a Family 5 sounds/noises. The only way he can actually sleep is by taking certain prescribed medication. On the other hand, the wife has the same issue but does not get enough rest due to having pains in her body. She also has to take prescribed medications in order to be able to unstuff and even get some sleep. There are days when pain subsides and both husband and wife are able to get some sleep, while on other days, they try their best to either go to sleep early or try to take catnaps in mingled with times.Everyone in this family seems to be happy with whom they are. They are a very high family who call up that God has made them just the way he valued them to be. When asked if you had a chance to do everything again would they change anything? the reply was that they would not change a thing. Their faith and trust in God shows that they were suppositional to go through everything that has been experienced in life for it made them be able to come together as a couple and also appreciate each other. They see their current place in life as one of a place of growth. Though they say some parts of life have really been rough, the husband and wife believe everything led to each other to produce what the world views of them today. save, wife and even children are all rejoiced with who they are. They made mention to the fact that if they were to change, it would be because it was something God wanted them to do in order to please him and no one else.Most friends of the family originate from the church which the family attends. Though they do not ever hang out with their friends, they do try to attend events or get-togethers with friends in order to break up the monotony within their relationship. The couple sees each other as their own best friend and spends most of their time together with each other. The father sees Assessment of a Family 6 himself as someone who does his best to provide fo r the family even though he stays at home. He does his best to ensure that everyones face-to-face needs are taken care of and if unable to be taken care of, on that point is some type of alternative solution to the issue. ma is the most ingenuitive in the family. She loves decorating, and coming up with various ideas to design or make things look better. The 16 year old daughter is relied on to look after her six and two year old siblings. This allows for mom and dad to get back to their role as a couple and be able to go out on dates and enjoy each others company.As stated earlier, the couple has three children. Husband and wife both get hold gender is a very strategic part of their life. Though the couple they have these smellingings of intercourse, intercourse had to be position aside due to the fact of the wife being diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Even though thisdisease is causing an issue, sex is never ignored. There were some issues in the past in which intimacy was an issue due to the wife being in a former abusive relationship. Over the course of years, this issue has been worked out and the family can actually attest that their intimacy is better than ever.On pattern of coping and stress tolerance, the couple believes that stress is necessary part of life. Though they feel no one should ever be hard put out, stress allows a person to push further and provides a ram to accomplish various tasks. There are other times when some people may feel overwhelmed and cannot handle the pressures of life. During times like these, the husband states that a good support system is necessary which allows people to vent their frustration and also gain good advice in return. Times like these show the usefulness of a good church. The husband states that their belief and value allows them to stay in line and be able to Assessment of a Family 7 handle any type of obstacle in which they may ever face. They do their best never to go against their values and beliefs for they feel it keeps them in line in order to live a life acceptable to God. In everything they do in life, the couple feels that God should always come first, your spouse second, your children third, and then everything else should follow.Wellness DiagnosisSENSORYperceptual PATTERNWellness DiagnosisReadiness for heighten Comfort trainCOGNITIVE PATTERNWellness DiagnosisReadiness for Enhanced wisdomSLEEPREST PATTERNWellness DiagnosisReadiness for Enhanced SleepGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns Questions Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management 1. What do you think a well managed health consists of? 2. Do you drink or smoke (If so, would you like to quit?) 3. When was the last time you had a physical to determine your current health status? Nutritional Metabolic Pattern 1. Of what food groups does the family mainly pick? 2. Is anyone in the family overweight? 3. Has the family ever tried dieting in order to lose unwanted/unnecessary weight? Pattern of Eliminati on 1. How many times do you use the bathroom in a day? 2. Does anyone in the family have any excretory problems/issues? 3. Does the food you eat affect your excretory pattern? Pattern of Activity and Exercise 1. What are your best-loved hobbies? 2. Do you exercise regularly (how many times a week)? 3. Do you participate in any outdoor activities that cause an increase in heart rate? Cognitive Perceptual Pattern 1. Are you currently in any pain? 2. Do you experience any pain while performing everyday activities? 3. Have you been diagnosed with any ailments and/or illness?Pattern of Sleep and Rest 1. How many hours of sleep do you get in a day? 2. Would like to get more sleep than you usually have? 3. Are there any other methods you use in trying to relax? Pattern of self Perception and Self Concept 1. Is there anything you want to improve about yourself? 2. Are you pleased with your current place in life? 3. If you could do things all over again, what would you change/leave the same? Role Relationship Pattern 1. Do you have friends outside your personal relationship? 2. What is your current role in the family? 3. Do you wish you had more or less responsibilities? Sexuality productive Pattern 1. Do you have children (if not do you want children)? 2. Is sex part of your relationship? 3. Where there any traumatic times in life that may be hindering your current sex life? Pattern of Coping and Stress Tolerance 1. Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed with the things of life? 2. When things become overwhelming, what do you do to gain back enclose? 3. Do things have to be stressful in order for you to function? Pattern of Values and Beliefs 1. Does your values and beliefs govern how you make decisions? 2. Are there ever instances where you go against your values and/or beliefs? 4. What are your spiritual beliefs?

National Parks: a Double Edged Sword?

National greennesss A Double Edged marque? Justin pearly Environmental History Prof. Mark Bishop Newell Tuesday July 21, 2009 Pearly 1 hardly a(prenominal) let onranks outhouse match the sheer diversity of wildlife and culture that exists in the provinces depicted object put system. Humans, with the future in mind, go for inured aside these beautiful sites of wonder and awe. But at what cost? Do national parks end up being unassailable and badly at the same time? Our national parks argon a supposed to be a earthy treasure.Here the unspoiled splendour and beauty of nature sens be appreciated in its well-nigh pristine form. However, the amount of stack that atomic number 18 visiting these parks has lift to levels that threaten the very beauty and well-being of these paradises. Its now appears app arnt that on that point is a price to pay for wholeowing humanness into an area that did not find many humans before. To understand the present state of the nation s parks, and ultimately their entire future, it is crucial to first look support at the past. The first national park was Yellowstone National honey oil.This sprawling park contains such(prenominal) amazing geological and biological sites that it had been visualiseed a national park considerable before it was ever officially named one. Its combination of diverse wildlife, and geologic features such as, piddlefalls, canyons, geysers, and hot springs make it manifest to any who had experienced it, that this was a place that should be preserved well(p) the way it was. That was why in 1872, chairperson Ulysses S. Grant made it officially the worlds first national park. The only problem being, it was a completely unique creation, the first of its kind.This inwardness that all ground that they covered would be new. Due to inconsistencies with the way national parks were being governed, and the fact that there were was no central giving medication body for national parks Congre ss fabricated a Pearly 2 National Park Service that would operate within jurisdiction of the secretarial assistant of the interior. Signed by President Woodrow Wilson on August 25, 1916, the National Park Service Organic profess created the National Park Service which honk the countrys national parks in its jurisdiction.Wendy Hart Beckman in her book entitled National set in Crisis Debating the Issues, states that, The Organic Act said the National Park Services purpose was to lift and regulate the use of the national parks which purpose is to conserve panorama and the natural historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the employment of the same in such manner and by such manner as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. When act to unravel the ethics and places concerning the parks one must keep referring back to this original mission statement.The purpose of national parks is to enjoy the tantrum and to leave it unchanged for future generations. However, this statement seems somewhat contradictory, when considering the fact that around national parks are areas that did not corroborate native humans for much of their taradiddle. integrity of the first things to consider about this complex issue is Why do people want to go there in the first place? Why is it important to them? The first and most overt reason to let people into our national parks is for their own individualised enjoyment.People derive a great deal of pleasure out of leaving their boring, monotonous urban and suburban lives behind steady if it is for just a weekend, or merely an change surfaceing. People in cites often booster cable sedentary lifestyles, and essential to pass away outside in a natural setting even if it is just to walk. Some people strength even think the air in these preserves tastes fresher People get a taste of what the earth was like before humans were there. These Pearly 3 can be places of relaxing or e xercising. Have a you ever scaled a thousand foot mountain?Hiking can be quite exhilarating. Parents can, in effect, introduce the next generation of conservationists to these areas. Children that pass on grown up with these sites in their hearts will never freeze how incredibly important they are. People becoming informed and interested in nature is one of the most important functions of a national park besides the preservation of the actual land itself. still without any preliminary interactions with nature, or any history or knowledge of the place that you are going to you may find and enjoyment to be effortless.When people happen something with their own eyes, it is very different from looking at a picture, or reading about something in a textbook. There is a explicit advantage to experiencing things in person. Subtleties stand out. All five senses can be invoked. People who are not familiar with this kind of beauty are usually particularly awestruck. A memory is formed wh ich is nearly undoable to erase or change (although ones perspective of the display case can change). Every time one person gets hooked on nature, that person will usually try to their share its grandeur with different people.People who appreciate that wonderful state of nature will then go out of their way to help conserve it. There is likewise a secondary effect in addition to making the individual find out good. Whether or not a reverence for nature existed before their encounters with these spiritual sanctuaries does not matter at the point that people start to cathexis about these wonderlands. All that matters then is that people who have visited and enjoyed themselves now touch like they have a vested interest in the parks. Now that they have traveled with the park, they feel the weight of responsibility for their actions.They also authorise that everything they do, can produce an effect which, were they not there, never would have occurred. The more than Pearly 4 aware and informed people are, the better the decisions they function to make. There is even an organization called surrender No Trace, Inc. which tries to inform visitors of ship canal they can reduce the amount of impact on the ecosystem during visits. The group has even compiled a list of seven principles that can help people lessen their impact on the land. 1. Travel and camp on durable surfaces 2. Leave what you find 3.Plan ahead and prepare 4. Dispose of waste aright 5. Minimize campfire impacts 6. Respect Wildlife 7. Be considerate of other visitors While all these principles sound nice on paper, the amount that people adhere to them, and how good they can be in reducing our footprint remains to be seen. When discussing the concept of leaving not trace one must put down to wonder about the impact of human travel. Even a foot-trail through a park is holdfast the natural landscape. The question of how much altering of the landscape is acceptable is not an easy one.It ha s led to intense literary argument for over a century. Roads are one of the most obvious signs of human interference. While providing a route for visitors to come and enjoy the parks, they also obscure the natural landscape. I think most would agree that a road cutting through even the most pristine wilderness takes Pearly 5 something away from it. So, the parks need people, and people need roads. Or do they? A rather extreme solution might be to restrict road building all together. Access to areas could be achieved by a more green method such a bicycles, or walking.There is also a major issue of dam up building. Many a heated debate has occurred when discussing dam building. There are a few(prenominal) things that alter the natural landscape like a dam. One would think that national parks would be free from man made structures such as dams. However this is not the case. For example in the 1930s the federal Bureau of Reclamation proposed putting a dam in Dinosaur National Monumen ts Echo Canyon. The purpose of this would be create a clean source of electricity using the power of the water flowing over the dam that would be built.While many of the locals upstream from the dam liked the prospect of water in their dry canyon, they would be flooding one of the greatest fossil sites of the Jurassic. Lets consider the interaction between people and animals. This has been a ache and curious story. With the purport of making the park safer for visitors, park staff have, in the past, killed animals that were deemed a nuisance. This includes rapacious animals such as wolf or bear, but also includes herbivores such as the elk. And while it is no longer legal for anyone to kill these animals, we have accepted a very shaky truce with them.Humans ingress parks are told specifically not to feed the animals. It is a sample that is not heeded as much as it needs to be. When wild animals are fed by humans they get conditioned to expect victuals from them. Therefore, they are more likely to come around humans hoping for food. This can be very dangerous While wild animals can seem cute Pearly 6 and harmless they rarely are (harmless of course). Even something seemingly docile like a white-tailed deer can set about aggressive and do severe damage, especially to an unsuspecting human. People frequently fail to realize that wild animals are just that wild.Wild translates into unpredictable. Im sure I could get more than a few circus performers to agree with me. The irony of this whole situation is the greatest asset to national parks also happens to be their greatest downfall, Humans, while having the authorisation to create on a monumental level, also have a similar capacity for destruction. Even more confusing is that fact that the opinions of people on both sides of these issue have well founded, and very convincing arguments. National parks are an important part of American history and need to be preserved for the enjoyment of future generation s.Debate is good in the sense that any publicity is good publicity. As long as people feel strongly on both sides we are more likely to reach some sort of compromise. Pearly 7 Bibliography De Voto, Bernard. Shall we let them ruin our national parks? Saturday Evening Post, July 22, 1950. Chittenden, Hiram Martin. The Yellowstone National Park Beckman, Wendy Hart. National Parks in Crisis Debating the Issues (Berkley Heights Enslow, 2004) Wendy Hart Beckman, National Parks in Crisis Debating the Issues (Berkley Heights Enslow, 2004) Beckman 18, 19 Beckman 65-68 Beckman 19, 20 Beckman 14, 15, 53

New Public Health Measures

THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH Stephen R Leeder 7 March 2005 James Cook University, Townsville Introduction any of us hither today atomic number 18 open wellness enthusiasts. If we werent we would be some(a)hwere else, by chance helping sick pile to get better. That is a worthy employment and thank goodness for each(prenominal) the mass who do it. But so oerly is prevention, so too is keeping society wellnessy, so too is protecting the environment, so too is keeping food and urine safe, so too is attending to immunization and child wellness.When we talk roughly mercifulity wellness these latter things, that focus on the whole community, or groups in spite of appearance society and the things that determine their wellness, atomic number 18 what we be talking almost. This is big view stuff. This is about asking why some communities are wellnessy and some are ill. Why do some communities carry much(prenominal)(prenominal) mellowed rates of diabetes, handle the Pacific Islands, while other countries hold back no diabetes but lots of HIV and TB? These are the kind of interests and enthusiasms that have light-emitting diode good deal into macrocosm wellness as a calling for as long as it has been around.These are the kind of questions that were asked ages ago and which are still appropriate to be asked now. So what is this thing called the recent(a) common health? How has it come about and does it have added quantify? In design, the unexampled popular health has come about because of growing interest in the subtle interaction of the environment with people living in smashed societies. The old public health remains the public health that around of the world needs, quite frankly, because communicable disease, malnutrition and other scourges are still the study killers worldwide.These are much or less the same as those that led people in the fifteenth century to look at how things such as the plague and cholera could be figureled throug h sanitation, clean water and quarantine. The new public health But the new public health is much more(prenominal) nameed with the interplay between affluence, sociable well being, culture and health, social capital and health. These are non hard and fast things, corresponding having no system for waste water disposal or exploitation contaminated drinking water. They are more subtle, but in societies like ours where the radical public health engineering and mmunization and food safety are well in place and require surveillance but not reinvention, these new factors the social, economic and community quality factors are rising in splendor as determinants of health and causes of illness. 1 For example, Michael Marmot has done studies with Geoffrey Rose and others in the UK examining coronary disease rates among civil servants, known as the Whitehall studies. They put together that things like a sense of social control and cohesiveness were central determinants of whether people develop coronary disease.Money wasnt everything. In the Whitehall II study, Marmot (Director of the international Centre for wellness and Society at the University College London) and his colleagues examined the psychological characteristic of run low termed low control meaning that an individual worker had little control over his or her daily activities in the workplace. The results showed that it was an important predictor of the try of cardiovascular disease and that it had an important role in accounting for the social gradient in coronary disease. 1 The origins of the new public healthThe Canadians have been very active over many days in promoting our dread about the interplay between society and social environmental factors and health. This started in 1974 when Marc Lalonde, who was so the Canadian health minister, commissioned a report on the health of Canadians which proposed four sets of factors that were important to keep in mind when thinking about the healt h of the public. The Lalonde Report2 refers to these four factors collectively as The Health Field construct. The four elements are human biology, environment, life style and health care organization.The human biology element includes all those aspects of health, both physical and mental, which are genuine within the human body as a consequence of the basic biology of man and the organic make-up of the individual. The environment category includes all those matters related to health which are external to the human body and over which the individual has little or no control (for example, foods, water supply, etc). The lifestyle category consists of the aggregation of decisions by individuals which furbish up their health and over which they more or less have control.The fourth category in the impression is health care organisation, which consists of the quantity, quality, arrangement, nature and relationships of people and resources in the provision of health care the health car e system. The Lalonde Report was ground breaking in its day and provoked widespread international interest. Implementation proved to be far harder than was expected and the resilience of the health-care system to drain resources away from the basic three fields was spectacular.Nevertheless, Canada has had a more lively interest in the contribution of the depression three fields to health and has preserved a degree of control over health care, including rigid enforcement of a rampart on numbers of doctors trained and practicing, ever since. Although perhaps not a direct consequence of the Lalonde Report, Canada has also 2 played a leaders role in the evolution of health procession as a discipline. Several of the leaders in the field, now nearly 30 years on from the Report, are Canadians.They have had a special sensitivity to the potency for health gain by examining not only what can be done to encourage and sustain changes in individual human doings that will contribute to bet ter health, but also those changes that can be effected in the natural and built environment that can aid in achieving this goal. Health promotion and the new public health In Australia, the new public health has been reflected in the steady rise of health promotion, expressed such ways as the formation of the Australian Health Promotion Association.The Associations major objectives include providing opportunities for members professional development, change magnitude public and professional awareness of the roles and functions of health promotion practitioners, and contributing to discussion, see and decision making on health promotion policy and programs. Since its internalisation in 1990, the Health Promotion Association has grown and developed such that it now has an established function and a central place in Australias health promotion landscape.Health promotion is an active form of public health in which an agenda is set with communities and individuals to affirm positiv ely the value of health and push towards high levels of health, seeing it preferably as the WHO does as a positive state of well being and not only the absence of illness. Health promotion uses a range of tactics and methods to succeed its ends, including community participation, development and skill streng thusing, advocacy (where health professionals and others lobby for health to be taken seriously at political and commercial levels), and education.Something of a contrast has come to be drawn between the activist promotion end and the formal epidemiological end of the public health spectrum, the author hoeing in boots and all to effect change and the latter taking prudent steps, using rigorous studies and statistics, to establish cause and effect relationships before acting. both(prenominal) groups tend to drive one another nuts. This is a lively focus and not one that is likely to go away.Professor Fran Baum who is head of the Department of cosmos Health at Flinders Uni versity in Adelaide has written a book authorize The new public health an Australian posture, that I commend to you. In it the idea of the new public health is given extensive coverage. 3 Source Baume, F (1988) The new public health an Australian perspective The new public health overlaps and interacts with other health movements of the past ecstasy particularly health promotion, primary health care, community health, womens health, autochthonic health, workers health and health education. History of the new public health The new public health started to develop in the 1980s. It was in the mid-1980s that there was a significant shift in public health when the WHOs first international conference on health promotion was held in Ottawa, Canada. in that location were two driving forces behind the Ottawa consume. It was clear that the Health for All by the Year 2000 strategy was not being adopted by industrialised countries, and the limitations of the lifestyle and behavioural app roaches were increasingly being seen as requiring a new conceptualization for health promotion.Also the time was opportune for a more health promotion statement. The Ottawa hold managed to integrate many of the assorted perspectives of health promotion. While being seen as the foundation of the new public health, it did not reject behavioural and lifestyle approaches, but saw them as part of the acquisition of personal skills for health. The Charter is behindd on the tactile sensation that health requires peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, social justice and justness as prerequisites. 4 Box 3. 1 The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986 The evolution of healthy public policy, which recognises that most of the private and public sector policies that affect health lie outside the conventional concerns of health agencies. Rather they are in policies such as environmental protection legislation, progressive taxation, welfare, occupational health and s afety legislation and enforcement, land rights legislation and control of the bargain and distribution of substances such as alcohol and tobacco. Health becomes, therefore, a concern and responsibility of each sector of government. The creation of supportive environments in which people can realise their full potential as healthy individuals. The Charter recognises the importance of social, economic and physical environmental factors in shaping peoples experiences of health. Strengthening community action refers to those activities that increase the ability of communities to give change in their physical environmental factors in shaping peoples experience of health. The development of personal skills acknowledges the role that behaviour and lifestyles plays in promoting health.The skills called for are those that enable people to make healthy choices. It also extends the skills base for health to those associated with community organisation, lobbying and advocacy, and the abilit y to analyse individual problems within a structural framework. Reorientation of health services is a call for health systems to shift their emphasis from (in most industrialised countries) an almost numberal preoccupancy on hospital-based care and extensive technological diagnostic and intervention to a system that is community-based, more user-friendly and controlled, which focuses on health.The Ottawa Charter stresses the importance of, and recommends Advocacy for health Enabling people to achieve their full health potential Mediation between different interests in society for the interestingness of health Source Baume, F (1988) The new public health an Australian perspective Following in the spirit of the Ottawa Charter, in 1986 the divulge Health Commission (BHC), a group established by the then Commonwealth Minister for Health, Neal Blewett, published Looking Forward to Better Health. Its brief was to recommend ways in which health in Australia might be promoted, espec ially though ways that were 5 nconventional for the medical and public health professions. It was part of Australias response to the World Health Organizations commitment to achieve equitable levels of health for all people, according tot the political and economic possibilities of each country, by 2000. This report contained proposals for achieving greater equity in health in Australia together with strategies to address several major preventable contributors to death and disease. Task forces established goals and targets for three priority health topics cardiovascular disease, nutrition and suffering. In making these choices the Commission was concerned to get wind not only big problems, but also problems potentially teachable to prevention. Heart disease, the principal cause of death, was also chosen because of its multiple modifiable causes (e. g. diet, smoking an sedentary living), nutrition because of its multiple consequences (e. g. diabetes, heart disease and cancer) and injury because it cannot be dealt with preventively by efforts confined to health care but essential involve industry, transport, law enforcement and industrial relations.These three major health problems in contemporary Australian society are priorities for health promotion by virtually any criterion. The work of the BHC was taken further in the issue Better Health Program and led to the formulation of national health goals and then national health priorities which remain in place today. By the end of the 1980s, despite success, there was some Australian scepticism about the new directions in public health. Some questioned whether the new public health was really new or simply old ideas in new clothing.This criticism is somewhat harsh as one of the features of the Ottawa Charter is that it does not ignore public health history but rather builds on it. The Ottawa Charter reflected legion(predicate) social and health movements of the foregoing 120 or so years. Its claims to be ne w derives from how it pulled together numerous and diverse movements to present a package which gave public health a more radical and cohesive direction than had been the case for some time.Today, public health is alive and well and confronting in this country the challenges that it can advocate ameliorate. We are an astonishingly healthy nation on average. We have the southward longest healthy life expectancy of all nations, a fraction behind Japan. But within our country we have communities including those of some of our autochthonic people where these privileged are far from being available. It is here that a combination of old and new public health measures is required.Good work is being done and more is needed. This is the mission of public health. 6 References 1. Marmot, M Inequalities in Health, The untried England Journal of Medicine 2001345(2)134-136 2. Lalonde, M (1974) A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians. Ottawa National Ministry of Health and eudaemonia 3. Baume, F (1998) The new public health an Australian perspective publishing firm Oxford University Press 4. Leeder S R (1999) Healthy Medicine, Challenges facing Australias health services Publisher Allen & Unwin 7

John Stuart Mill Essay

Utilitarianism is a moral theory largely considered to have been founded by Jeremy Bentham, a 19th century English philosopher and hearty reformer. It is centered on the concept of rapture, and those who seek it. The idea is that all pot seek happiness, and that it is the ultimate goal of all human beingnesss to be ingenious. Thitherfore, harmonize to classical utilitarianism, when a mortal wishes to act in an ethically become manner he or she should strive to bring about the superlative possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible amount of people. This is know as the greatest happiness attitude.Another, similar idea is that a person should always strive, if incapable of producing happiness, to reduce sorrow. As the theory is wholly focused on the outcome of a persons actions, it is classed as a consequentialist theory, i. e. a theory that concerns it with consequences and not actions in themselves. Utilitarianism can be seen as a highly mathematical theorem, lo oking at the summate units of happiness that a particular action gives rise to. For instance, I might exigency to go out and have drinks with some friends and my boyfriend or I could find some occasion more family oriented and do something fun with my son and my boyfriend. witness that my son is only little for a short time, would I sort of have drinks and regret the hang over later or contribution a memory with my little boy. Taking my son out for a night might add 10 units of happiness to the worlds total stock, whereas going out for drinks would only add a total of 6. Certainly, the latter would make a great quantity of people happy (the former only benefiting angiotensin converting enzyme person), but it is the quantity of happiness produced that is of the root importance to utilitarianists. But let us look more near at Benthams utilitarianism.To understand his approach more fully, it is vital that one come to an appreciation of exactly what he meant by happiness. His id eas here are, really, quite simple. Bentham thought that we should look at happiness as being based on pleasure. Naturally, it follows from this that he also felt that we should treat unhappiness as something consisting of pain. This view on happiness has led his particular daub of utilitarianism to be seen as a hedonistic theory. Furthermore, Bentham did not distinguish amongst different forms of pleasure.To him, anything that gave rise to happiness be it drugs or reading was basically good. Other philosophers have striven to develop Benthams theories further. One of the more guiding light of these is John Stuart mill about, who sought to distinguish between what he termed higher and swallow pleasures. Mill disagreed with Benthams all-inclusive view on pleasure, feeling that in that location was a fundamental difference between the varying forms of pleasure open to people, and that some had a finer quality than others. It was Mill who put forth the notion that it is bett er to be Socrates dis snug than a fool satisfied.Mills idea was passably straightforward, namely that while at that place are many simple, sensual pleasures in life, such as ingest or drinking, there are also certain pleasures which are of a more cerebral nature, such as listening to classical melody or reading rime. According to Mill, these latter pleasures are of a greater quality, and should therefore be considered more important. He posited that someone who has experienced both(prenominal) forms of pleasure would naturally feel inclined to choose the higher pleasures. For instance, a man who is familiar with both tasty food and good poetry would view the latter as something more valuable than the former.This is a fairly straightforward exploration of the most common forms of utilitarianism. The most important thing to remember about these theories is that they are consequentialist and, above all else, that they are implicated with the greater good. Utilitarianists dont c are about your personal agendum or whether your actions happen to hurt some people. As long as the eventual results of your actions lead to more pleasure than pain, youre in the clear. at that place were a number of things Mill did to change Utilitarianism. Mill said let out to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. Mill also linked Utilitarianism with Christian morality. He connected the theory with the teachings of rescuer. He said that the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality was abiding by the Golden Rule-Do onto others as you have them do to you. This make many more people accept Utilitarianism as it linked with their religion. Rules were introduced into Utilitarianism by Mill. The rules introduced were ones that generally brought about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. For example, Mill argued that fiat needs the principal of truthfulness as it brings the most happiness on the long run.Ut ilitarianism is a theory that Christians can relate to. Mill brought it walk-to(prenominal) to the Christian church by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be closer to the principals Jesus lived by. For example, it was against the Jewish law to work on the Sabbath but when people were in need, Jesus bent this rule and healed them. The largest connection Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the death of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind-sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does accept evil where Christianity most certainly does not.

Grapes of Wrath (Sin&Virtue) Essay

Through forbidden John Steinbecks disputable novel, The Grapes of Wrath, the protagonist are faced with a daunting idea that on that point is no good and bad forces in the world. Grapes of Wrath was published in an era filled with discrimination, hate, and fear directed at the fleeing Okies in the advance(prenominal) 1930s the midwestern states where decimated by a foreseen just unflurried ruin Dust Bowl.The reader joins the main characters, the Joad family, as they travel across the countrified hoping for work in a foreign state California. Through out their trip they seem to come to turn over that there aint no sin and there aint no deservingness just race doing what people do. Yet the more they seem to believe this, the more the reader begins to see that there is in-fact a drastic imperfection in their ideology. People do do horrible and good things, but those are what prove that Sin and Virtue do exist.The Joad family are, as a whole, inoffensive. Although they sin f requently in during the course of the novel, they are not unprincipled people. They prove throughout the novel that you can still be virtuous and be a sinner, that these two things do exist.When gobbler Joad attacks a composition for killing Jim Casey he busts his head(pg. 532), and although his action of killing the man may not be virtuous, the fact that he was trying to defend a friend was. Another character that is virtuous, although he doesnt believe in virtue or sin, is Jim Casey. He takes the blame when a man duologue back to a police officer, in order to save the Joads when Tom helps the man. (p.g. 362) And for all that virtue the reader witnesses by the dirty, dubiousOkies, sin is still seen in the good upstanding citizens of this novel.Steinbeck portrays the Migrant farmers as a clean of misunderstood wanderers, while describing the local anesthetic citizens as hostile assailants. The police unendingly seem to be out to get the farmers, and the the average man and f air sex turn their backs on their struggles. Strikes are constantly macrocosm broken that could help the farmers survive, and the lack of support migrants receive in this season period cripple any chance the Okies have at feeding their families and surviving their ordeal.At government run camps, created to help the abused farmers, local towns try to destroy the camps that they believe are killing their livelihood. Most people sin in this book simply by the way the make do the non-natives, ignoring their fellow man in their time of need. And while men equal the kind truck driver, buying candy for poor children, can be be they are extremely rare.The idea that sin and virtue adoptt exist is truly ridiculous. Both can be found in every aspect of life, and are deeply rooted in the core of this book. John Steinbeck uses the characters arguments of the lack of theses things to expose the truth. That all actions are ground from sin and virtue.

All the World by William Shakespeare Essay

William Shakespeare has been considered the superlative poet of all times. Only school educated, this great poet acquired fame because he had an extraordinary advocator of observation which he tempered with his brilliant imagination that gave a imaginative boost to his art. He was also gifted with unique taste of medical specialty which helped him to compose beautiful songs and sonnets. His imagination and observation along with a deplore ear towards tone and rhythm rendered a sonorous and lyrical feature to his verses- something which was missing in other poets of his times.Shakespeare wrote several comedies, tr eradies and poems depicting his profound cognizance and psychological understanding of gracious nature. The poem All Worlds a Stage is typical example of Shakespearean genius as he metaphorically compares the world to a wooden leg where each human makes an entry like a grade actor, plays different roles and, when time declares, leaves the stage eventually. The poe m is beautiful example of his vision of purport.The first stage of feel is infancy. The poet here describes a fry crying and throwing out in the becomes arm calling for attention. In the second stage of life, the baby is now a school-going minor who is unhappy and complaining as is noncompliant to go to school but is forced to do so. The third stage in life is that of a lover. Young man in this age is full of deep sighs missing his beloved. He is preoccupied with her thoughts so much(prenominal) so that he sits writing long poems in praise of her beauty. The tail stage in his life is that of a sincere and ambitious career-oriented professional. A this age he is competitive, jealous for opportunities, desires recognition even if it involves risk or great danger.Next comes the middle-aged man, well-fed, highly experienced and full of wisdom. He has great sayings ready for every occasion and a remedy for every problem. The sixth stage is that of a retired old man. He is thin an d svelte comfortably, erosion specs and a small purse with him. He is wearing a hose of his youthful times which he has saved bank now which helps him in walking. He is grouchy, complaining like a child carrying a pipe in mouth The last stage of life is when man has grown, weak, feeble and lacks strength and vitality. His life is at an end and he has nothing to look forward to. All he has before him is a memory of good old days. He sits reminiscing those times without teeth, eye-sight, taste and everything (hopes, desires, aspirations, etc), patiently waiting for his death.

Managing quality in a childcare setting Essay

1.Two pieces of legislation that ensure choice formulation ar The Childrens (Scot) human action 1995 and The Education (Additional musical accompaniment for Learning) (Scotland) form 2004.The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 colligate parts of child commission, family and adoption law, that affect childrens feeling of life. The Act puts children first and brings together three key principles of the get together Nations congregation on the Rights of the Child non-discrimination the childs welf atomic number 18 is the first thought and that childrens views should be keep downened to. It incorporated these principles into frugal legislation and practice. By following this act, settings merchant ship work towards a high quality environment that conforms to standards.The Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 is legal framework to give curb where needed, for childrens schooling, swindle or long term. The stinting political relation require each ch ildren and puppylike people to realise their full potential and get the most from the learning available to them finished connecting with a quality setting. The Act looks into accompaniment demand and co-ordinated support plans. The education authorities are charged with identifying needs, arranging qualified readying, creating co-ordinated support plans and reviewing and monitoring what provision is provided.2.Two pieces of non-legislative requirements that support a quality provision are Pre-birth to Three Positive Outcomes for Scotlands Children and Families (Pre-birth to 3) and getting it right-hand(a) for every child (GIRFEC)Pre-birth to 3 leads on from Birth to Three supporting our youngest children as it now appreciates the impact of pregnancy on children and learning. It supports the Scotch Governments ethos to develop a quality workforce that is supported and mean with shared value base so that they potentiometer providechildren and their families with a sizable quality lasting outcome. It describes 4 key best outcomes the rights of the child, responsive get by, respect and relationships, and aims to encourage good quality practice through dissemination association from current research using 9 key principles for moral the spot of the lag, observations and partnership running(a) involving other agencies.Girfec is an approach which allows practitioners to concentrate on what buzz offs a positive difference for all children and young people and their families, and how these progressions can be delivered. It has been developed from a range of policies and strategies such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Early Years Framework and the Curriculum for Excellence. There are ten core parts to it, such as developing a shared understanding of wellbeing and a set of values and principles, such as promoting respect, patience, honesty and reliability as good qualities that are valued by children, young people, families a nd practitioners, which enables a quality practice to those agencies working crosswise the range of childrens operate. It is gradually being incorporated into all actual practices, policies and legislation that affects children, young people and their families.3.A human resource issues that support quality provision are apocalypse Scotland Protection of Vulnerable Groups (PVG).Disclosure Scotland is a Scottish Government agency. Its purpose is to protect the safety of vulnerable people in Scottish society through maintaining a list of individuals who are unsuitable to work with children or vulnerable adults. It also creates a document for organisations and potential employers which lists an individuals criminal history information. This allows them to make knowledgeable decisions when dealing with recruitment. The PVG scheme requires all those who have regular advert with children and protected adults (paid or unpaid) to become members. It permits employers to check that the peo ple they are recruiting do not have a history of harmful behaviour.4. The statute of sympathize with (Scotland) Act 2001 was created to give more protection to people who were using allot services, by producing a structure for look at regulations, raising the quality of provision and by building a competent and confident workforce. It set up two independent organisations the Scottish Commission for the Regulation of safeguard (Care Commission) and the Scottish friendly Services Council (SSSC).The Care Commissions responsibility was to baffle and inspect (using the topic Care Standards), a range of services providing care to children, adults and older people, and deal with registration, complaints and enforcements. It also promoted dignity and encouraged independence for care users. The previous system was Edinburgh and Lothians Registration and Inspection Service (ELRIS) which utilize both local authority and health boards to register and inspect care services (both private and voluntary).The SSSCs responsibility was to improve the quality of the services by raising the standards of practice of the brotherly services workforce through supporting master copyism, standardising and promoting the training of the workforce and creating a code of practice for the staff and employers to follow. The SSSC allows individuals to have a shared value base, with everyone involved behaving and guided by the same values, beliefs, concepts and principles. By raising the practice, a good quality provision can give children the best start in life. Those who register with the SSSC, do so relevant to the role they hold in the work practice not what qualifications they have, i.e. for a particular role you can have a range of suitable qualifications. The SSSC standardises the training and education required.It creates an equal footing for all workers doing the same job therefore showing the same level of competence which in turn increases public awareness and confidence in the role of providing a quality setting. It provides assurance that the people registered have integrity and are committed to their role whether they have the qualification or are working towards it. By committing to taking responsibility for their own learning to develop knowledge and values as well as assessing and updating regularly, practitioners are guard their continuing suitability for registration.Registered childminders however are not required to be registered with the SSSC, as they are firstly registered with the Care Inspectorate, but find it is good practice to follow the SSSC code of practice and undertaking training.In 2010 the prevalent Services Reform (Scotland) Acts objective was to streamline a number of government agencies. The work of the Care Commission and the accessible last Inspection Agency was consolidated into a new body the Social Care and Social wee-wee Improvement Agency (SCSWIS). The Social Work Inspection Agency had previously regulated loca l authority social work services. In 2011, SCSWIS had a name change becoming the Care Inspectorate. The Care Inspectorate ensure quality care is promoted by registering and inspecting, individuals and organisations, such as childminders, voluntary organisations and local authorities as well as promoting improvement in care, social work and child protection services. The Care Inspectorate uses the issue Care Standards as guidelines to register and inspect care services against.The National Care Standards Early Education and Childcare of Children up to the age of 16 was created up by the Scottish Government, as required by the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001, and involved consultation with a large root word of people such as service users, their families, carers, staff, expert bodies, service providers and professional associations. It represents the rights of the child and young person, as set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is used by ser vice providers and the Care Inspectorate, to affect and develop the quality of services and whether the services were conforming to the regulations. There are 14 standards with the main principles being dignity, privacy, choice, equality and diversity, safety and realising potential. The standards promote quality in child care settings by encouraging issues such as effective communication between staff, parents and carers sharing information as suspend with other professionals involved with the childs development having staff substantiate effective working relationships with support agencies and with each other, families and children and providing opportunities for children and their family in the widercommunity.ReferencesScottish Social Services Council (2011) Code of Practice online available at http//www.sssc.uk.com/Codes-of-Practice/sssc-codes-of-practice-for-social-service-workers-and-employers.html (accessed on 12.01.2014)The Scottish Government (2004) The Childrens (Scot) Act 1995 online available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20066/44708 (accessed on 12.01.2014)The Scottish Government (2209) Education (Additional Support for Learning) online available at (Scotland) Act 2004 http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Education/Schools/welfare/ASL (accessed on 12.01.2014)The Scottish Government. (2010) A guide to Getting it right for every child online available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Young-People/gettingitright/ land (accessed on 12.01.2014)Disclosure Scotland. (2011) Protecting Vulnerable Groups online available at http//www.disclosurescotland.co.uk/pvg/pvg_index.html (accessed on 12.01.2014)The Scottish Government (2005) A Framework for Supporting Front row Staff Summary Version ) online available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/05/10101405/14096 (accessed on 12.01.2014)The Scottish government (2002) The Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 online available at http//www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/20 02/01/14484/2531 (accessed on

My Bondage, My Freedom Fredrick Douglass Essay

It was not color, but crime, not God, but firearm that afforded the true explanation of the existence of thrall nor was I long in finding out another important truth, what gentlemans gentleman can make, man can unmake (Douglass 59). In My Bondage and My Freedom, Fredrick Douglass explains in detail the abrasive and cruel realties of thrall and how slavery was an institution that victimized not scarce slaves, but slave toters, and non-slave holding snow-covereds.Fredrick Douglass could not father been more(prenominal) secure with his observation of slavery. In my opinion, slavery is not only an institution, but is a prime example of a corrupt business model that thrives on free intentness, ultimate control, and wealth. A business is only as well-grounded as its workers. Its a common saying in advance(a) day the States. That saying would hold true during slavery, however slaves were not considered workers. Workers have corrects and wages Slaves on the other hand had no rights as serviceman beings and no wages.Slaves were considered a property, no more useful than a scuff or cattle. Slaves were apart of a system and in that system they were put down to the point that they became an expendable commodity. Slaves were stripped of there individuality. Fredrick Douglass recalls not the date, month, or stratum when he was born. He also stated that the institution of slavery did outside(a) with the concept of family. Douglass had neither recollection of a father nor any name of his existence.Further more, Douglass had only a handful of encounters with his mother earlier her demise and had become nothing more than a stranger to his brothers and sisters. It had made my brothers and sisters strangers to me it converted the mother that bore me, into a myth, it shrouded my father in mystery, and left me without an plain beginning in the world (Douglass 39). In 1840, 20 years before the Civil War, 60% of American exports were cotton and was produced mai nly by slaves (Shaping America Lesson 16).Therefore, the business of slavery favored the slave holders, who were capitalizing on free labor to produce and distribute products across the world. Greed is the undertone upon which Douglass states that slavery debase souls and turned good people into bad people. The institution of slavery was found on the ultimate control and power over a homo to whom he is stripped of all of his identity and becomes sub-human. Consequently, the institution forces slave holders had to corrupt into this concept in order to justify any and all cruelness toward slaves.Douglas states Slave holders resort to all kinds of cruelty and later describes various ship canal of torture and penalisation all are in requisition to support the slave in his condition as a slave in the United States (Douglass 272). Slave holders showed no mercy when reprimanding slaves. The brutality and cruelty of these punishments were more of a statement of power and control and often times the punishment was worse than the rancidense. Racism was used aggressively to divide poor white southerners from slaves.The relationship between the wealthy and the poor was aggressively exploited by the rich white slave holder to ensure the poor whites non-slave holder that they had a similar cause (Shaping America Lesson 16). This caused non-slave holding whites to have a similar view as latter. Non-slave holding whites were in direct disputation with slaves and more often than not were forced out of work repayable to the free labor slavery had offered. In conclusion, Slavery is always slavery always the same foul, haggard, and damning scourge, whether found in the eastern or in the western hemisphere (Douglass 294).Fredrick Douglass could not have been more right with his observation of slavery. Slavery is a cruel and punishing way to demolish any human. The slave is a human being, divested of all rights reduced to the aim of a brute, a mere chattel in the eye of the truth placed beyond the circle of human brotherhood cut off from his kind his name, which the recording angel may have enrolled in heaven, among the blest, is impiously inserted in a masters ledger, with horses, sheep, and swine (Douglass 293).The business aspect of slavery is even more disheartening. However, All parties involved (slaves, slave holders, and non-slave holders) were all affected by the institution of slavery and in the mist of all the hardships that he endured for over twenty years of his life Fredrick Douglass became a free man.

Environmental Development through Role Play in Schools Essay

1. Executive SummaryIn this proposal the Environmental Protection Group (EPG) requests funding for its Environmental development Project done Role Play in Schools. The projects goal is to contribute to the reduction of environsal devastation and expiry through with(predicate) the implementation of role-play strategies that highlight concomitant preventive and behaviour change interventions. With this support, EPG willing emphasize on increasing awareness practices and measurement requirements and work in close collaborationism with partners toward the reduction of the burden of environmental devastation.EPG is requesting Kyats 16,000,000 to support its efforts to beleaguer human core groups on our environment and its successive environmental destruction among the currently unnoticed affected areas of Myanmar. EPG will work in collaboration with the Save Earth, association-based organizations and International NGOs, promoting positive behaviour change through the Environmen tal protection Role play in schools project.2. Environmental Issues in MyanmarWhile environmental protection projects and environment activists are endeavoring to bring forth harmony amongst our environment and our society, Myanmar has rather a slow rate of environmental protection measurements. Citizens should be warned of the effects of their behavior on the environment and the resultant destruction of the environment. However, since the population of working people will not be able to contribute much to our project, we have set our tar accomplishs on children. by role play on environmental devastation, we will agitate childrens awareness of the environment. Despite learning about the deterioration of the environment completely when they bushel older, making children contribute to the environment is claimed to have much effect both on the children and on the environment. While the environment will get greener with childrens interest in it, the children, on the other hand, will as well as learn the advantages and disadvantages of their behavior towards the Earth. This way, the science of the Earth and the art of individual accountability will be learned by the children at the same time, as well as benefit in the eco-friendliness of men and our Earth.3. Project Objectives to raise environmental awareness through federation troth approach to get ideas from the community to promote communitys critical thinking of the environment4. Our Vision StatementCommunities in which people respect the environment, develop the sustainable eco-friendly lifestyle and share the environmental knowledge and practice from generation to generation.5. The weaknesses of our community Lack of environmental awareness Weakness in practicing conservation Ignorance of the importation of the natural environment6. Skills and Qualities Patience Motivation in community participation Theatre ability Persuasiveness Ability to understand the reality of the community Scientific Knowledge

Information System Implementation

System Implementation When it comes to utiliseing or inst all(prenominal)ing a impudent frame within a company or b seniorness, there be galore(postnominal) work outs to contributevass, not hardly technology. System instruction execution takes place when testing is pad and the team and date manager become responsible for implementing the in the altogether info corpse successfully for the sponsor or for the clients arranging or company. A successful carrying out outhouse result in oerall musical arrangemental efficiency and similarly strengthen the ecesis. However, a failed implementation good deal result in a strain on funds, archive, and on the organization.Even though there argon different implementation regularitys, there are more things to consider such as dedication, risks, remain firmance, user involvement, training, and be afterning. User commitment plays a huge operator on implementing and installing a brass successfully. An implementation regul arity, such as direct cutover, pass on create a huge smell out of commitment. When the direct cutover method is used, the old musical arrangement is universe disposed of and the current one is being installed. It is as if yesterday, you were development an old computer or establishment, and today you came in and there is a new computer or system in front of you.This method creates a huge sense of commitment with users because there is no system to go back to. When it comes to user commitment, the user must likewise be move to change. The company or organization must be leading to implement changes, procedures, structure, and any other factors that are crucial for the system to function. This commitment, however, should not only come from users, but through the entire organization from top perplexity down through the entire cast. Edgar Schein, a former anxiety professor from MIT, describes the perfect leadership qualities for building commitment.He states that heed sho uld pay attention to the interpret effort and respond to jutting issues in an important manner. Schein also states that it is tint atful to coach the organization to be prepared for the new system. Executive train commitment is probably the most important because employees can fol first gear the oversights lead and can encourage shared commitment of the project goal. Every systems project has some type of risk involved. This is because the system bequeath impact the organization and organizations are eternally changing.To manage some risks, project managers or leaders should odor at the size of the project. If it is too big, they should consider breaking it into modules. They should look at the changes in technology and determine if they can stick to the same technology or whether they really do need the latest technology and if it will be beneficial. Management should also look at the capability of their team. They should question the teams expertise. Top management shoul d be pro immenseive and committed as well. They can look at the budget for the project and question if it is realistic or not.Lack of risk management is also a major risk factor. Management should have misfortune plans if something goes wrong. Contingency plans can be very beneficial if the organization is constantly changing. Management will have more than one plan position depending on what might happen. Management can also question the schedule and see if it is even possible to complete it on time. However, sometimes the organization will have clearly defined goals with top management support allowing the successful implementation. Communication is also a key success factor in system implementation.The direct cutover method, for example, might create a sense of high commitment which is a success factor however, this method is also the riskiest. There is no system to go back to if this fails. Sometimes an organization may underestimate how much things will change when it comes to implementing a new system and overestimate the organizations ability to handle these changes. Also, if a system is very complex, it directly relates to the amount of risk involved. At times, system implementation can be effected be resistance. There are many reasons a new system may be resisted.Sometimes a person may resist because of factors unique to the group or themselves. In this situation, the individual or group must be informed or educated and the organization can increase user participation. This is an internal factor. An external factor would be the system itself. The system could possibly be non-user-friendly or have a poor design. In this situation, the system should be corrected. It can also be modified to better suit the organizations processes or procedures. Sometimes factors can be both internal and external. This deals with the organisational interaction of the system.System could possibly be inadequate and users may resist using it. The parallel system implemen tation would be a good method to use. In this method, both systems are running simultaneously. This is the safest of all methods. However, this is the most pricey of all methods and has no user commitment. There is no commitment because users quality that they can al panaches go back because the old system is session right there. User involvement is correlated to quality of management. When implementing a system in an organization or company, changes should be communicated to the users relating to their experience.When these changes are clearly communicated, users can compare and contrast and this can lead to a successful implementation. Users should also be involved in the decision process. Sometimes a new system can bring a hindrance of control over users work. In this case, a pilot implementation method would be beneficial. In this method, the new system is tested in one area. The old system eventually overlaps with the new. There is a low risk and a low cost. However, if the test group does not consist of many people, there is not much testing taking place.Some split of the organization may resist being the testing group. Training is also a vital factor in successful system implementation. A successful training plan should include everyone who will use and support the new system. There should be appropriate timing on when to schedule the training. Training should ensure that users guess the new processes, interdependencies, and workflows as well as the basic functions of the system. In this situation, a phased implementation method would be beneficial. During the phased method, the system is introduced to different parts of the organization or company.They may introduce the system in specific departments at certain times. This will allow the department to prepare and allow the project team to learn from experience when it comes to implementing the system in different parts of the organization. Planning is a huge part of any project, no subject field the size. A project plan should be well defined. If an organization has squiffy leadership along with a great plan that is clearly give tongue to and well accepted by the organization, then there will be a strong source of motivation allowing members of the rganization to work together to while away that common goal. A good project plan should have an abstract of the needs of the organization, specifications of team members roles, project schedule, success factors, risk analysis, training requirements, and functions and processes that will be effected. Having a clearly stated project plan will allow all members of the organization to know what to expect, how it is going to affect them, and how long it will affect them for.There may be more than one way to implement a system. However, commitment, risks, resistance, user involvement, training, and planning are important factors to look at. Some methods may be quicker or cheaper than others however, if the organization is committed , all the risks have been analyzed, there is little to no resistance, the user is involved with square-toed training, and there is a clearly defined project plan, the system implementation will most likely succeed regardless of what implementation method is used.

Economic growth

expense by the government on wholly nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of troops bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This division overwhelms government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicargon, and unemployment bene ts as they argon already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports The di erence between total exports (to in all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more set than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. feeling that these cheers are in basis of the subject countrys currency (U. S. dollars). We scarce consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the gross domestic products of other countries and 2 ) gross domestic product is supposed to measure business in the U. S.Splitting GDP Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in name of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms aggregation revenue from the using up described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way Wages Firms birth employees for their work Rent Firms expect landowners and property owners rent Interest Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t Any revenue that is left aft(prenominal) the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the component income approach Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National expending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesnt quite equal the sum of all payments to figures of turnout, so we lack to make a few adjustments Sales taxes arent re ected in the gene i ncome approach, so we deal to add that The national spending approach considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the divisor income approach. 17/31Economic growthSpending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of war machine bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This family includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experienc ing a trade surplus. abide by that these values are in terms of the subject countrys currency (U. S. dollars). We just now consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production in the U. S.Splitting GDP Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms accumulate revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way Wages Firms pay employees for their work Rent Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t Any revenue that is left later on the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approache s The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesnt quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments Sales taxes arent re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approach considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31